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新国标为小微型企业量身打造安全生产“极简实用”管理体系_我的网站

一 |     　　讯 近日，市场监管总局（国家标准委）批准发布《小微型企业安全生产标准化管理体系要求》（GB/T 47911—2026）国家标准，将自9月1日起实施。新国标紧密结合小微型企业特点和实际，借鉴企业可持续发展（SCORE）项目等先进经验，为我国小微型企业安全生产工作提供了可借鉴的、系统化的基本管理框架，实现“他律”向“自律”转变。    CANBERRA, Australia -- Opposing campaigners made their final pitches on Friday over changing the Australia's constitution to acknowledge a place for Indigenous Australians on the eve of the nation's first referendum in a generation.The referendum has the potential to amend Australia’s founding legal document for the first time since 1977. But opinion polls suggest that the amendment will be rejected as more than four-in-five referendums have been in the past.Australians are being asked to alter the constitution to recognize the “First Peoples of Australia” by establishing an Indigenous Voice to Parliament.The committee comprised of and chosen by Indigenous Australians would advise the Parliament and government on issues that affect the nation’s most disadvantaged ethnic minority.Indigenous Australians account for only 3.8% of Australia’s population. But they die on average eight years younger than the wider population, have a suicide rate twice that of the national average and suffer from diseases in the remote Outback that have been eradicated from other wealthy countries.Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, a leading Voice advocate, cited the Israel-Hamas war to underscore why Australians should vote “yes” out of kindness toward the Indigenous population.“This week of all weeks where we see such trauma in the world, there is nothing — no cost — to Australians showing kindness, thinking with their heart as well as their head, when they enter the polling booth tomorrow and vote ‘yes,’” Albanese said.“Kindness costs nothing. Thinking of others costs nothing. This is a time where Australians have that opportunity to show the generosity of spirit that I see in the Australian character where at the worst of times we always see the best of the Australian character,” Albanese added.Opposition leader Peter Dutton, whose conservative party opposes the Voice, said polling showing declining support for the referendum over the past year was evidence Albanese failed to convince voters of the benefits of the Voice. “He’s instinctively won their hearts because Australians do want better outcomes for Indigenous Australians, but he hasn’t won their minds,” Dutton told Australian Broadcasting Corp.Indigenous activist Robbie Thorpe drew attention to Indigenous division over the Voice this week by applying for a High Court injunction to stop the referendum. “The referendum is an attack on Aboriginal Sovereignty,” Thorpe said in a statement on Friday.But the High Court said his writ had been rejected on Thursday on the grounds that it appeared to be an abuse of the court process, frivolous, vexatious or outside the court’s jurisdiction.Thorpe is among so-called progressive “no” campaigners who argue an Indigenous committee with no power of veto over legislation is not a sufficiently radical change.Many progressives argue the constitution should more importantly acknowledge that Indigenous Australians never ceded their land to British colonizers and a treaty was a higher priority than a Voice.Conservative “no” campaigners argue the Voice is too radical and the courts could interpret its powers in unpredictable ways.Some Indigenous people don’t have faith that the Voice’s membership would represent their diverse priorities.“Yes” campaigner Kyam Maher, an Indigenous man who is South Australia state’s attorney general, said the question he was most often asked by thousands of voters was what result Indigenous Australians wanted.“I can say absolutely and overwhelmingly Aboriginal people want their fellow Australians to vote ‘yes’ tomorrow,” Maher said.An opinion poll published this week supported Maher's view that a majority of Indigenous Australians wanted the Voice although that support had eroded since early 2023.Polling suggests the referendum will lose despite Australia’s peak legal, business, faith and sporting groups overwhelmingly supporting the Voice.Anne Twomey, a Sydney University constitutional law expert and a member of the Constitutional Expert Group that advised the government on drafting the referendum question, said she feared that Australian lawmakers might give up trying to change the constitution if the referendum fails.“I think it is a big concern if we end up with a constitution that’s frozen in time that we can’t change,” Twomey said.“In practice around the world, when a constitution becomes frozen and out of date with the world that it operates in, it becomes brittle and when there’s ever any stress on it, it does tend to break,” she added.___Follow AP's Asia-Pacific coverage at https://apnews.com/hub/asia-pacific。　　新国标主要内容包括以下四方面。一是突出体系要素极简实用，实现减负不减质。针对小微型企业人手少、资源有限的特点，标准坚持简化实用原则，仅设置总体要求、安全风险管控、事故隐患排查治理、应急准备与处置、检查改进5项一级核心要素，弱化文件、台账等繁苛要求，使安全管理“看得懂、做得到”。二是突出全员参与共治，实现人人有责、人人有为。标准既突出主要负责人第一责任人职责，又重视全员参与，明确要求从业人员作业前检查本岗位设备设施、安全防护装置和作业环境，确认安全后方可操作，从“被动管理”转向“全员共治”。

二 | 三是突出应急处置有抓手，实现关键时刻拿得出、用得上。标准要求编制有针对性的应急预案，风险单一、危险性小的企业可只编制现场处置方案，定期组织演练，使员工掌握自救互救技能，事故发生后立即启动预案、及时报告，切实提升初期应急处置能力。四是突出与大中型标准衔接，提供进阶路径。标准与已发布的《大中型企业安全生产标准化管理体系要求》（GB/T 33000—2025）在适用范围上互补配套，鼓励具备相应基础和能力的小微型企业向上执行，为有条件的企业对标更高要求、提升安全管理水平提供路径。版权申明：凡注有“”或电头为“”的稿件，均为独家版权所有，未经许可不得转载或镜像；授权转载必须注明来源为“”，并保留“”的电头。    。

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